将 Docker Compose 文件转换为 Kubernetes 资源

Kompose 是什么？它是个转换工具，可将 compose（即 Docker Compose）所组装的所有内容 转换成容器编排器（Kubernetes 或 OpenShift）可识别的形式。

更多信息请参考 Kompose 官网 http://kompose.io。

准备开始

你必须拥有一个 Kubernetes 的集群，同时你的 Kubernetes 集群必须带有 kubectl 命令行工具。 建议在至少有两个节点的集群上运行本教程，且这些节点不作为控制平面主机。 如果你还没有集群，你可以通过 Minikube 构建一个你自己的集群，或者你可以使用下面任意一个 Kubernetes 工具构建：

• Katacoda
• 玩转 Kubernetes

安装 Kompose

我们有很多种方式安装 Kompose。首选方式是从最新的 GitHub 发布页面下载二进制文件。

• GitHub 下载
• 基于源代码构建
• CentOS 包
• Fedora package
• Homebrew (macOS)

# Linux
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.24.0/kompose-linux-amd64 -o kompose

# macOS
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.24.0/kompose-darwin-amd64 -o kompose

# Windows
curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.24.0/kompose-windows-amd64.exe -o kompose.exe

chmod +x kompose
sudo mv ./kompose /usr/local/bin/kompose

go get -u github.com/kubernetes/kompose

sudo yum -y install kompose

sudo dnf -y install kompose

brew install kompose

使用 Kompose

再需几步，我们就把你从 Docker Compose 带到 Kubernetes。 你只需要一个现有的 docker-compose.yml 文件。

1. 进入 docker-compose.yml 文件所在的目录。如果没有，请使用下面这个进行测试。

   version: "2"
   
   services:
   
     redis-master:
       image: k8s.gcr.io/redis:e2e
       ports:
         - "6379"
   
     redis-slave:
       image: gcr.io/google_samples/gb-redisslave:v3
       ports:
         - "6379"
       environment:
         - GET_HOSTS_FROM=dns
   
     frontend:
       image: gcr.io/google-samples/gb-frontend:v4
       ports:
         - "80:80"
       environment:
         - GET_HOSTS_FROM=dns
       labels:
         kompose.service.type: LoadBalancer
   

2. 要将 docker-compose.yml 转换为 kubectl 可用的文件，请运行 kompose convert 命令进行转换，然后运行 kubectl create -f <output file> 进行创建。

   kompose convert                           
   

   INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-service.yaml" created
      INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-service.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-service.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-service.yaml" created
      INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-service.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-service.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-service.yaml" created
      INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-service.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-service.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-deployment.yaml" created
      INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-deployment.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-deployment.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-deployment.yaml" created
      INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-deployment.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-deployment.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-deployment.yaml" created
      INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-deployment.yaml" created
   INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-deployment.yaml" created
   

   kubectl apply -f frontend-service.yaml,redis-master-service.yaml,redis-slave-service.yaml,frontend-deployment.yaml,
   

   输出类似于：

   service/frontend created
   service/redis-master created
   service/redis-slave created
   deployment.apps/frontend created
   deployment.apps/redis-master created
   deployment.apps/redis-slave created
   

   你部署的应用在 Kubernetes 中运行起来了。

3. 访问你的应用

   如果你在开发过程中使用 minikube，请执行：

   minikube service frontend
   

   否则，我们要查看一下你的服务使用了什么 IP！

   kubectl describe svc frontend
   

   Name:                   frontend
   Namespace:              default
   Labels:                 service=frontend
   Selector:               service=frontend
   Type:                   LoadBalancer
   IP:                     10.0.0.183
   LoadBalancer Ingress:   192.0.2.89
   Port:                   80      80/TCP
   NodePort:               80      31144/TCP
   Endpoints:              172.17.0.4:80
   Session Affinity:       None
   No events.
   

   如果你使用的是云提供商，你的 IP 将在 LoadBalancer Ingress 字段给出。

   curl http://192.0.2.89
   

用户指南

• CLI

  • kompose convert
  • kompose up
  • kompose down

• 文档

  • 构建和推送 Docker 镜像
  • 其他转换方式
  • 标签
  • 重启
  • Docker Compose 版本

Kompose 支持两种驱动：OpenShift 和 Kubernetes。 你可以通过全局选项 --provider 选择驱动。如果没有指定， 会将 Kubernetes 作为默认驱动。

kompose convert

Kompose 支持将 V1、V2 和 V3 版本的 Docker Compose 文件转换为 Kubernetes 和 OpenShift 资源对象。

Kubernetes kompose convert 示例

kompose --file docker-voting.yml convert

WARN Unsupported key networks - ignoring
WARN Unsupported key build - ignoring
INFO Kubernetes file "worker-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "db-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "result-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "vote-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "result-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "vote-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "worker-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "db-deployment.yaml" created

ls

db-deployment.yaml  docker-compose.yml         docker-gitlab.yml  redis-deployment.yaml  result-deployment.yaml  vote-deployment.yaml  worker-deployment.yaml
db-svc.yaml         docker-voting.yml          redis-svc.yaml     result-svc.yaml        vote-svc.yaml           worker-svc.yaml

你也可以同时提供多个 docker-compose 文件进行转换：

kompose -f docker-compose.yml -f docker-guestbook.yml convert

INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-service.yaml" created         
INFO Kubernetes file "mlbparks-service.yaml" created         
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-service.yaml" created          
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-service.yaml" created     
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-service.yaml" created      
INFO Kubernetes file "frontend-deployment.yaml" created      
INFO Kubernetes file "mlbparks-deployment.yaml" created      
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-deployment.yaml" created       
INFO Kubernetes file "mongodb-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-master-deployment.yaml" created  
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-slave-deployment.yaml" created   

ls

mlbparks-deployment.yaml  mongodb-service.yaml                       redis-slave-service.jsonmlbparks-service.yaml  
frontend-deployment.yaml  mongodb-claim0-persistentvolumeclaim.yaml  redis-master-service.yaml
frontend-service.yaml     mongodb-deployment.yaml                    redis-slave-deployment.yaml
redis-master-deployment.yaml

当提供多个 docker-compose 文件时，配置将会合并。任何通用的配置都将被后续文件覆盖。

OpenShift kompose convert 示例

kompose --provider openshift --file docker-voting.yml convert

WARN [worker] Service cannot be created because of missing port.
INFO OpenShift file "vote-service.yaml" created             
INFO OpenShift file "db-service.yaml" created               
INFO OpenShift file "redis-service.yaml" created            
INFO OpenShift file "result-service.yaml" created           
INFO OpenShift file "vote-deploymentconfig.yaml" created    
INFO OpenShift file "vote-imagestream.yaml" created         
INFO OpenShift file "worker-deploymentconfig.yaml" created  
INFO OpenShift file "worker-imagestream.yaml" created       
INFO OpenShift file "db-deploymentconfig.yaml" created      
INFO OpenShift file "db-imagestream.yaml" created           
INFO OpenShift file "redis-deploymentconfig.yaml" created   
INFO OpenShift file "redis-imagestream.yaml" created        
INFO OpenShift file "result-deploymentconfig.yaml" created  
INFO OpenShift file "result-imagestream.yaml" created  

kompose 还支持为服务中的构建指令创建 buildconfig。 默认情况下，它使用当前 git 分支的 remote 仓库作为源仓库，使用当前分支作为构建的源分支。 你可以分别使用 --build-repo 和 --build-branch 选项指定不同的源仓库和分支。

kompose --provider openshift --file buildconfig/docker-compose.yml convert

WARN [foo] Service cannot be created because of missing port.
INFO OpenShift Buildconfig using git@github.com:rtnpro/kompose.git::master as source.
INFO OpenShift file "foo-deploymentconfig.yaml" created     
INFO OpenShift file "foo-imagestream.yaml" created          
INFO OpenShift file "foo-buildconfig.yaml" created

kompose up

Kompose 支持通过 kompose up 直接将你的"复合的（composed）" 应用程序 部署到 Kubernetes 或 OpenShift。

Kubernetes kompose up 示例

kompose --file ./examples/docker-guestbook.yml up

We are going to create Kubernetes deployments and services for your Dockerized application.
If you need different kind of resources, use the 'kompose convert' and 'kubectl create -f' commands instead.

INFO Successfully created service: redis-master   
INFO Successfully created service: redis-slave    
INFO Successfully created service: frontend       
INFO Successfully created deployment: redis-master
INFO Successfully created deployment: redis-slave
INFO Successfully created deployment: frontend    

Your application has been deployed to Kubernetes. You can run 'kubectl get deployment,svc,pods' for details.

kubectl get deployment,svc,pods

NAME                                              DESIRED       CURRENT       UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.extensions/frontend                    1             1             1            1           4m
deployment.extensions/redis-master                1             1             1            1           4m
deployment.extensions/redis-slave                 1             1             1            1           4m

NAME                         TYPE               CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)      AGE
service/frontend             ClusterIP          10.0.174.12   <none>        80/TCP       4m
service/kubernetes           ClusterIP          10.0.0.1      <none>        443/TCP      13d
service/redis-master         ClusterIP          10.0.202.43   <none>        6379/TCP     4m
service/redis-slave          ClusterIP          10.0.1.85     <none>        6379/TCP     4m

NAME                                READY         STATUS        RESTARTS     AGE
pod/frontend-2768218532-cs5t5       1/1           Running       0            4m
pod/redis-master-1432129712-63jn8   1/1           Running       0            4m
pod/redis-slave-2504961300-nve7b    1/1           Running       0            4m

OpenShift kompose up 示例

kompose --file ./examples/docker-guestbook.yml --provider openshift up

We are going to create OpenShift DeploymentConfigs and Services for your Dockerized application.
If you need different kind of resources, use the 'kompose convert' and 'oc create -f' commands instead.

INFO Successfully created service: redis-slave    
INFO Successfully created service: frontend       
INFO Successfully created service: redis-master   
INFO Successfully created deployment: redis-slave
INFO Successfully created ImageStream: redis-slave
INFO Successfully created deployment: frontend    
INFO Successfully created ImageStream: frontend   
INFO Successfully created deployment: redis-master
INFO Successfully created ImageStream: redis-master

Your application has been deployed to OpenShift. You can run 'oc get dc,svc,is' for details.

oc get dc,svc,is

NAME               REVISION                              DESIRED       CURRENT    TRIGGERED BY
dc/frontend        0                                     1             0          config,image(frontend:v4)
dc/redis-master    0                                     1             0          config,image(redis-master:e2e)
dc/redis-slave     0                                     1             0          config,image(redis-slave:v1)
NAME               CLUSTER-IP                            EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
svc/frontend       172.30.46.64                          <none>        80/TCP     8s
svc/redis-master   172.30.144.56                         <none>        6379/TCP   8s
svc/redis-slave    172.30.75.245                         <none>        6379/TCP   8s
NAME               DOCKER REPO                           TAGS          UPDATED
is/frontend        172.30.12.200:5000/fff/frontend                     
is/redis-master    172.30.12.200:5000/fff/redis-master                 
is/redis-slave     172.30.12.200:5000/fff/redis-slave    v1  

kompose down

你一旦将"复合(composed)" 应用部署到 Kubernetes，kompose down 命令将能帮你通过删除 Deployment 和 Service 对象来删除应用。 如果需要删除其他资源，请使用 'kubectl' 命令。

kompose --file docker-guestbook.yml down

INFO Successfully deleted service: redis-master   
INFO Successfully deleted deployment: redis-master
INFO Successfully deleted service: redis-slave    
INFO Successfully deleted deployment: redis-slave
INFO Successfully deleted service: frontend       
INFO Successfully deleted deployment: frontend

构建和推送 Docker 镜像

Kompose 支持构建和推送 Docker 镜像。如果 Docker Compose 文件中使用了 build 关键字，你的镜像将会：

• 使用文档中指定的 image 键自动构建 Docker 镜像
• 使用本地凭据推送到正确的 Docker 仓库

使用 Docker Compose 文件示例

version: "2"

services:
    foo:
        build: "./build"
        image: docker.io/foo/bar

使用带有 build 键的 kompose up 命令：

kompose up

INFO Build key detected. Attempting to build and push image 'docker.io/foo/bar'
INFO Building image 'docker.io/foo/bar' from directory 'build'
INFO Image 'docker.io/foo/bar' from directory 'build' built successfully
INFO Pushing image 'foo/bar:latest' to registry 'docker.io'
INFO Attempting authentication credentials 'https://index.docker.io/v1/
INFO Successfully pushed image 'foo/bar:latest' to registry 'docker.io'
INFO We are going to create Kubernetes Deployments, Services and PersistentVolumeClaims for your Dockerized application. If you need different kind of resources, use the 'kompose convert' and 'kubectl create -f' commands instead.

INFO Deploying application in "default" namespace
INFO Successfully created Service: foo            
INFO Successfully created Deployment: foo         

Your application has been deployed to Kubernetes. You can run 'kubectl get deployment,svc,pods,pvc' for details.

要想禁用该功能，或者使用 BuildConfig 中的版本（在 OpenShift 中）， 可以通过传递 --build (local|build-config|none) 参数来实现。

# 禁止构造和推送 Docker 镜像
kompose up --build none

# 为 OpenShift 生成 Build Config 工件
kompose up --provider openshift --build build-config

其他转换方式

默认的 kompose 转换会生成 yaml 格式的 Kubernetes Deployment 和 Service 对象。 你可以选择通过 -j 参数生成 json 格式的对象。 你也可以替换生成 Replication Controllers 对象、 Daemon Sets 或 Helm charts。

kompose convert -j

INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.json" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.json" created

*-deployment.json 文件中包含 Deployment 对象。

kompose convert --replication-controller

INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-replicationcontroller.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-replicationcontroller.yaml" created

*-replicationcontroller.yaml 文件包含 Replication Controller 对象。 如果你想指定副本数（默认为 1），可以使用 --replicas 参数： kompose convert --replication-controller --replicas 3

kompose convert --daemon-set

INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-daemonset.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-daemonset.yaml" created

*-daemonset.yaml 文件包含 DaemonSet 对象。

如果你想生成 Helm 可用的 Chart， 只需简单的执行下面的命令：

kompose convert -c

INFO Kubernetes file "web-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-svc.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "web-deployment.yaml" created
INFO Kubernetes file "redis-deployment.yaml" created
chart created in "./docker-compose/"

tree docker-compose/

docker-compose
├── Chart.yaml
├── README.md
└── templates
    ├── redis-deployment.yaml
    ├── redis-svc.yaml
    ├── web-deployment.yaml
    └── web-svc.yaml

这个 Chart 结构旨在为构建 Helm Chart 提供框架。

标签

kompose 支持 docker-compose.yml 文件中用于 Kompose 的标签，以便 在转换时明确定义 Service 的行为。

• kompose.service.type 定义要创建的 Service 类型。例如：

  version: "2"
  services:
    nginx:
      image: nginx
      dockerfile: foobar
      build: ./foobar
      cap_add:
        - ALL
      container_name: foobar
      labels:
        kompose.service.type: nodeport
  

• kompose.service.expose 定义是否允许从集群外部访问 Service。 如果该值被设置为 "true"，提供程序将自动设置端点， 对于任何其他值，该值将被设置为主机名。 如果在 Service 中定义了多个端口，则选择第一个端口作为公开端口。

  • 如果使用 Kubernetes 驱动，会有一个 Ingress 资源被创建，并且假定 已经配置了相应的 Ingress 控制器。
  • 如果使用 OpenShift 驱动, 则会有一个 route 被创建。

  例如：

  version: "2"
  services:
    web:
      image: tuna/docker-counter23
      ports:
       - "5000:5000"
      links:
       - redis
      labels:
        kompose.service.expose: "counter.example.com"
    redis:
      image: redis:3.0
      ports:
       - "6379"
  

当前支持的选项有:

重启

如果你想创建没有控制器的普通 Pod，可以使用 docker-compose 的 restart 结构来指定这一行为。请参考下表了解 restart 的不同参数。

例如，pival Service 将在这里变成 Pod。这个容器计算 pi 的取值。

version: '2'

services:
  pival:
    image: perl
    command: ["perl",  "-Mbignum=bpi", "-wle", "print bpi(2000)"]
    restart: "on-failure"

关于 Deployment Config 的提醒

如果 Docker Compose 文件中为服务声明了卷，Deployment (Kubernetes) 或 DeploymentConfig (OpenShift) 策略会从 "RollingUpdate" (默认) 变为 "Recreate"。 这样做的目的是为了避免服务的多个实例同时访问卷。

如果 Docker Compose 文件中的服务名包含 _（例如 web_service）， 那么将会被替换为 -，服务也相应的会重命名（例如 web-service）。 Kompose 这样做的原因是 "Kubernetes" 不允许对象名称中包含 _。

请注意，更改服务名称可能会破坏一些 docker-compose 文件。

Docker Compose 版本

Kompose 支持的 Docker Compose 版本包括：1、2 和 3。 对 2.1 和 3.2 版本的支持还有限，因为它们还在实验阶段。

所有三个版本的兼容性列表请查看我们的 转换文档， 文档中列出了所有不兼容的 Docker Compose 关键字。